[kwlug-disc] Booting the Raspberry Pi from a hard disk

[Charles M]

What if you connect the HD ro a powered USB hub and then connect the hub to
the Pi? Yes it adds more wires, but should solve the voltage issues.

Otherwise saw those cheap Kingston 120GB SSDs for a crazy $27.99 at CC with
lots in stock.

On Sun, Feb 10, 2019 at 6:42 PM Khalid Baheyeldin <kb at 2bits.com> wrote:

> I am looking to replace the SD card in the Pi with an external USB hard
> drive, because
> of how using the SD card as the regular filesystem, kills it quick if the
> Raspberry Pi is busy.
>
> The disk in question is a 2.5" HDD in an unpowered SATA to USB enclosure.
>
> What is on the web is that the Raspberry Pi does not provide enough
> current to power on
> regular hard drives. One overcomes this by having the following line in
> /boot/config.txt:
>
> max_usb_current=1
>
> And now the Pi will provide enough current for some disks to work.
>
> I plugged in the 2.5" USB disk into an old Pi 2, and I got this:
>
> [1915663.656110] *Under-voltage detected!* (0x00050005)
> [1915665.896054] usb 1-1.2: new high-speed USB device number 6 using
> dwc_otg
> [1915666.027408] usb 1-1.2: New USB device found, idVendor=152d,
> idProduct=0539
> [1915666.027426] usb 1-1.2: New USB device strings: Mfr=10, Product=11,
> SerialNumber=3
> [1915666.027437] usb 1-1.2: Product: USB to ATA/ATAPI Bridge
> [1915666.027448] usb 1-1.2: Manufacturer: JMicron
> [1915666.027458] usb 1-1.2: SerialNumber: 00A1234568BF
> [1915666.028810] usb-storage 1-1.2:1.0: USB Mass Storage device detected
> [1915666.034242] scsi host0: usb-storage 1-1.2:1.0
> [1915667.097004] scsi 0:0:0:0: Direct-Access     FUJITSU  zzzzz
> 0100 PQ: 0 ANSI: 6
> [1915667.098779] sd 0:0:0:0: [sda] 488397168 512-byte logical blocks: (250
> GB/233 GiB)
> [1915667.099523] sd 0:0:0:0: [sda] Write Protect is off
> [1915667.099542] sd 0:0:0:0: [sda] Mode Sense: 67 00 10 08
> [1915667.100531] sd 0:0:0:0: [sda] Write cache: enabled, read cache:
> enabled, supports DPO and FUA
> [1915667.126638] sd 0:0:0:0: Attached scsi generic sg0 type 0
> [1915667.167254]  sda: sda1 sda2 < sda5 >
> [1915667.171010] sd 0:0:0:0: [sda] Attached SCSI disk
> [1915669.896159] *Voltage normalised* (0x00000000)
> [1915765.621420]  sda: sda1 sda2 < sda5 >
> [1915802.971527] EXT4-fs (sda1): mounted filesystem with ordered data
> mode. Opts: (null)
>
> I was able to mount filesystems from the hard disk, even without the above
> max current parameter.
> So, it seems that this step is not necessary anymore.
>
> But then I saw these in dmesg:
>
> [1919494.831934] usb 1-1.2: reset high-speed USB device number 72 using
> dwc_otg
> [1919499.991904] usb 1-1.2: device descriptor read/64, error -110
> [1919515.351869] usb 1-1.2: device descriptor read/64, error -110
> [1919515.571861] usb 1-1.2: reset high-speed USB device number 72 using
> dwc_otg
> [1919520.711888] usb 1-1.2: device descriptor read/64, error -110
> [1919536.071810] usb 1-1.2: device descriptor read/64, error -110
> [1919536.291810] usb 1-1.2: reset high-speed USB device number 72 using
> dwc_otg
> [1919546.831810] usb 1-1.2: device not accepting address 72, error -110
> [1919546.931778] usb 1-1.2: reset high-speed USB device number 72 using
> dwc_otg
> [1919557.471762] usb 1-1.2: device not accepting address 72, error -110
> [1919557.472224] usb 1-1.2: USB disconnect, device number 72
> [1919557.490276] sd 1:0:0:0: [sdb] Synchronizing SCSI cache
> [1919557.492644] sd 1:0:0:0: [sdb] tag#0 UNKNOWN(0x2003) Result:
> hostbyte=0x01 driverbyte=0x00
> [1919557.492687] sd 1:0:0:0: [sdb] tag#0 CDB: opcode=0x28 28 00 1c 9c b8
> 00 00 00 08 00
> [1919557.492703] print_req_error: I/O error, dev sdb, sector 480032768
> [1919557.492841] sd 1:0:0:0: [sdb] tag#0 UNKNOWN(0x2003) Result:
> hostbyte=0x01 driverbyte=0x00
> [1919557.492863] sd 1:0:0:0: [sdb] tag#0 CDB: opcode=0x28 28 00 00 00 08
> 18 00 00 08 00
> [1919557.492874] print_req_error: I/O error, dev sdb, sector 2072
> [1919557.492916] blk_partition_remap: fail for partition 5
> [1919557.492936] Buffer I/O error on dev sdb5, logical block 256, async
> page read
> [1919557.493019] blk_partition_remap: fail for partition 1
> [1919557.493032] Buffer I/O error on dev sdb1, logical block 3, async page
> read
> [1919557.495651] sd 1:0:0:0: [sdb] Synchronize Cache(10) failed: Result:
> hostbyte=0x01 driverbyte=0x00
> [1919557.741765] usb 1-1.2: new high-speed USB device number 73 using
> dwc_otg
> [1919562.871741] usb 1-1.2: device descriptor read/64, error -110
> [1919578.231704] usb 1-1.2: device descriptor read/64, error -110
> [1919578.451696] usb 1-1.2: new high-speed USB device number 74 using
> dwc_otg
> [1919583.591696] usb 1-1.2: device descriptor read/64, error -110
>
> Perhaps power saving on the USB ports or by the enclosure's electronics?
>
> The other thing is telling the Pi to boot from that USB disk. This
> requires adding this line to config.txt
> while still running from the SD card:
>
> program_usb_boot_mode=1
>
> Then rebooting, and the Pi should boot from the hard disk.
>
> However, this is not the whole story.
>
> I always installed Raspian on the Pi's using NOOBS. You download a .zip
> file, extract it to an SD
> card that is formatted as vfat, and off you go. Very easy.
>
> Eventually, I want to copy the running system's SD card to the hard disk
> to continue from where
> it is now.
>
> I could not find information on how to install Raspian (or NOOBS) to a
> hard disk, nor how to have
> the disk partition properly for Raspbian.
>
> For example, in this article
> <https://www.maketecheasier.com/boot-up-raspberry-pi-3-external-hard-disk/>,
> the author walks through the steps of copying the existing running SD
> card to the hard disk, but he copies to /dev/sda (the entire disk, not a
> specific partition on it).
>
> So questions:
>
> 1. How do I install NOOBS to the hard disk? Do I just format it as vfat
> and copy the contents of
> the NOOBS zip to it?
>
> 2. How to partition the hard disk for Raspbian?
>
> 3. How to make sure that power saving mode would not affect the USB disk?
>
> --
> Khalid M. Baheyeldin
>
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>
-- 
Charles McColm
Computer Recycling: http://www.comprec.org
Fasteroids: http://www.fasteroids.ca
Twitter/Identica/Google+: @chaslinux
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