<div><div dir="auto">What if you connect the HD ro a powered USB hub and then connect the hub to the Pi? Yes it adds more wires, but should solve the voltage issues.</div></div><div dir="auto"><br></div><div dir="auto">Otherwise saw those cheap Kingston 120GB SSDs for a crazy $27.99 at CC with lots in stock.</div><div><br><div class="gmail_quote"><div dir="ltr" class="gmail_attr">On Sun, Feb 10, 2019 at 6:42 PM Khalid Baheyeldin <<a href="mailto:kb@2bits.com">kb@2bits.com</a>> wrote:<br></div><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0 0 0 .8ex;border-left:1px #ccc solid;padding-left:1ex"><div dir="ltr"><div dir="ltr"><div dir="ltr"><div dir="ltr"><div>I am looking to replace the SD card in the Pi with an external USB hard drive, because</div><div>of how using the SD card as the regular filesystem, kills it quick if the Raspberry Pi is busy.</div><div><br></div><div>The disk in question is a 2.5" HDD in an unpowered SATA to USB enclosure. <br></div><br><div>What is on the web is that the Raspberry Pi does not provide enough current to power on <br></div><div>regular hard drives. One overcomes this by having the following line in /boot/config.txt:</div><div><br></div><div>max_usb_current=1<br></div><div><br></div><div>And now the Pi will provide enough current for some disks to work.</div><div><br></div><div>I plugged in the 2.5" USB disk into an old Pi 2, and I got this:</div><br><div>[1915663.656110] <b>Under-voltage detected!</b> (0x00050005)<br>[1915665.896054] usb 1-1.2: new high-speed USB device number 6 using dwc_otg<br>[1915666.027408] usb 1-1.2: New USB device found, idVendor=152d, idProduct=0539<br>[1915666.027426] usb 1-1.2: New USB device strings: Mfr=10, Product=11, SerialNumber=3<br>[1915666.027437] usb 1-1.2: Product: USB to ATA/ATAPI Bridge<br>[1915666.027448] usb 1-1.2: Manufacturer: JMicron<br>[1915666.027458] usb 1-1.2: SerialNumber: 00A1234568BF<br>[1915666.028810] usb-storage 1-1.2:1.0: USB Mass Storage device detected<br>[1915666.034242] scsi host0: usb-storage 1-1.2:1.0<br>[1915667.097004] scsi 0:0:0:0: Direct-Access FUJITSU zzzzz 0100 PQ: 0 ANSI: 6<br>[1915667.098779] sd 0:0:0:0: [sda] 488397168 512-byte logical blocks: (250 GB/233 GiB)<br>[1915667.099523] sd 0:0:0:0: [sda] Write Protect is off<br>[1915667.099542] sd 0:0:0:0: [sda] Mode Sense: 67 00 10 08<br>[1915667.100531] sd 0:0:0:0: [sda] Write cache: enabled, read cache: enabled, supports DPO and FUA<br>[1915667.126638] sd 0:0:0:0: Attached scsi generic sg0 type 0<br>[1915667.167254] sda: sda1 sda2 < sda5 ><br>[1915667.171010] sd 0:0:0:0: [sda] Attached SCSI disk<br>[1915669.896159] <b>Voltage normalised</b> (0x00000000)<br>[1915765.621420] sda: sda1 sda2 < sda5 ><br>[1915802.971527] EXT4-fs (sda1): mounted filesystem with ordered data mode. Opts: (null)<br></div><div><br></div><div><div> I was able to mount filesystems from the hard disk, even without the above max current parameter.</div></div><div>So, it seems that this step is not necessary anymore.</div><div><br></div><div>But then I saw these in dmesg:</div><div><br></div><div>[1919494.831934] usb 1-1.2: reset high-speed USB device number 72 using dwc_otg<br>[1919499.991904] usb 1-1.2: device descriptor read/64, error -110<br>[1919515.351869] usb 1-1.2: device descriptor read/64, error -110<br>[1919515.571861] usb 1-1.2: reset high-speed USB device number 72 using dwc_otg<br>[1919520.711888] usb 1-1.2: device descriptor read/64, error -110<br>[1919536.071810] usb 1-1.2: device descriptor read/64, error -110<br>[1919536.291810] usb 1-1.2: reset high-speed USB device number 72 using dwc_otg<br>[1919546.831810] usb 1-1.2: device not accepting address 72, error -110<br>[1919546.931778] usb 1-1.2: reset high-speed USB device number 72 using dwc_otg<br>[1919557.471762] usb 1-1.2: device not accepting address 72, error -110<br>[1919557.472224] usb 1-1.2: USB disconnect, device number 72<br>[1919557.490276] sd 1:0:0:0: [sdb] Synchronizing SCSI cache<br>[1919557.492644] sd 1:0:0:0: [sdb] tag#0 UNKNOWN(0x2003) Result: hostbyte=0x01 driverbyte=0x00<br>[1919557.492687] sd 1:0:0:0: [sdb] tag#0 CDB: opcode=0x28 28 00 1c 9c b8 00 00 00 08 00<br>[1919557.492703] print_req_error: I/O error, dev sdb, sector 480032768<br>[1919557.492841] sd 1:0:0:0: [sdb] tag#0 UNKNOWN(0x2003) Result: hostbyte=0x01 driverbyte=0x00<br>[1919557.492863] sd 1:0:0:0: [sdb] tag#0 CDB: opcode=0x28 28 00 00 00 08 18 00 00 08 00<br>[1919557.492874] print_req_error: I/O error, dev sdb, sector 2072<br>[1919557.492916] blk_partition_remap: fail for partition 5<br>[1919557.492936] Buffer I/O error on dev sdb5, logical block 256, async page read<br>[1919557.493019] blk_partition_remap: fail for partition 1<br>[1919557.493032] Buffer I/O error on dev sdb1, logical block 3, async page read<br>[1919557.495651] sd 1:0:0:0: [sdb] Synchronize Cache(10) failed: Result: hostbyte=0x01 driverbyte=0x00<br>[1919557.741765] usb 1-1.2: new high-speed USB device number 73 using dwc_otg<br>[1919562.871741] usb 1-1.2: device descriptor read/64, error -110<br>[1919578.231704] usb 1-1.2: device descriptor read/64, error -110<br>[1919578.451696] usb 1-1.2: new high-speed USB device number 74 using dwc_otg<br>[1919583.591696] usb 1-1.2: device descriptor read/64, error -110</div><div><br></div><div>Perhaps power saving on the USB ports or by the enclosure's electronics?<br></div><div><br></div><div>The other thing is telling the Pi to boot from that USB disk. This requires adding this line to config.txt <br></div><div>while still running from the SD card:</div><div><br></div><div>program_usb_boot_mode=1<br><br></div><div>Then rebooting, and the Pi should boot from the hard disk.</div><div><br></div><div>However, this is not the whole story. <br></div><div><br></div><div>I always installed Raspian on the Pi's using NOOBS. You download a .zip file, extract it to an SD</div><div>card that is formatted as vfat, and off you go. Very easy.</div><div><br></div><div>Eventually, I want to copy the running system's SD card to the hard disk to continue from where</div><div>it is now. <br></div><div><br></div><div>I could not find information on how to install Raspian (or NOOBS) to a hard disk, nor how to have</div><div>the disk partition properly for Raspbian.</div><div><br></div><div>For example, in <a href="https://www.maketecheasier.com/boot-up-raspberry-pi-3-external-hard-disk/" target="_blank">this article</a>, the author walks through the steps of copying the existing running SD <br></div><div>card to the hard disk, but he copies to /dev/sda (the entire disk, not a specific partition on it).</div><div><br></div>So questions:</div><div dir="ltr"><br></div><div dir="ltr">1. How do I install NOOBS to the hard disk? Do I just format it as vfat and copy the contents of <br></div><div>the NOOBS zip to it?<br></div><div dir="ltr"><div><br></div><div>2. How to partition the hard disk for Raspbian?</div><div><br></div><div>3. How to make sure that power saving mode would not affect the USB disk?</div></div></div></div></div><div dir="ltr"><div dir="ltr"><div dir="ltr"><div dir="ltr"><div><br></div>-- <br><div><div dir="ltr" class="m_6067004574317403951gmail-m_-8586752941265418113gmail_signature"><div dir="ltr"><div>Khalid M. Baheyeldin<br><br></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div>
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</blockquote></div></div>-- <br><div dir="ltr" class="gmail_signature" data-smartmail="gmail_signature">Charles McColm<br>Computer Recycling: <a href="http://www.comprec.org" target="_blank">http://www.comprec.org</a><br>Fasteroids: <a href="http://www.fasteroids.ca" target="_blank">http://www.fasteroids.ca</a><br>Twitter/Identica/Google+: @chaslinux</div>